Monday, December 6, 2021

HIST/AFST 2275 Extra Credit Assignment

Naa Yarley Tackie-Yarboi

Professor Lucien Holness

African-American History 1

Historical Analysis Extra Credit Paper

December 6, 2021

 

Toussaint Louverture was born in Haiti. Toussaint was one of those born into slavery. Toussaint belonged to a very small class of slaves with certain privileges. Toussaint was the son of an educated slave and Toussaint's master encouraged him to read and write. Toussaint was one of the few black men freed from slavery at the age of thirty. After being freed from slavery, Toussaint became a slave and a landowner. When a sudden slave revolt began it quickly spread to thousands of slaves throughout the colony, the original Toussaint was disbanded. After a few weeks of hesitation, he helped his former master escape and then joined the dark forces to burn the plantation and kill many Europeans and Mulattoes. He soon recognized the incompetence of the rebel leaders and despised their willingness to compromise with the European radicals. Assembling his own army, Toussaint trained his followers in guerrilla tactics. In 1793, he added the name Louverture to its original name; The exact meaning of the name is unknown, but its French meaning, "overture", may refer to his tactical abilities as a military commander. He encouraged them to fight for their rights and their freedom from their oppressive owners. He was a free man for some time, and his life would definitely have been easier if he had enjoyed that freedom peacefully, but he firmly supported Haiti's slaves during the struggle for freedom. At that time, his heroic and compassionate instinct was revealed. “In A History of the Negro Troops in the War of the Rebellion, George Washington Williams described the Civil War as a climactic battle in a war for black freedom that began in Haiti and recognized the place of black Union soldiers alongside Toussaint in the struggle to end slavery. Williams referred to Haiti as the "scene of modern Negro soldiership.» Numerous black generals distinguished themselves in the Haitian Revolution, but "the most commanding character was Toussaint l'Ouverture." The great leader united blacks and whites, wrote a constitution, and created a republic without slavery. ….."  (Source: Matthew J. Clavin, _American Toussaints-Symbol, Subversion, and the Black Atlantic Tradition in the American Civil War, _ pp. 107-118)

 

Sojourner Truth formally known as Isabella Baumfree was sold into slavery at a young age. Over the years, she had a number of different owners. Eventually, she married another slave from a different property and had children with him. She ran away from her owner after a few years and went to work as a maid. Truth heard shortly after her escape that her five-year-old enslaved son had been sold illegally by the Dumont family to an Alabama relative. Dumont unlawfully sold Isabella's five-year-old son Peter after the New York Anti-Slavery Law was approved. She initiated a lawsuit to reclaim him, and Sojourner Truth won her lawsuit and regained custody of her son months later.

She eventually became a Civil Rights Activist for women once she became a free person. Sojourner Truth was noted for his impromptu racial equality talks. Her speech "Anit I a Woman" made her famous. This speech was presented for the first time in 1851 before an Ohio Women's Rights conference. “That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man—when I could get it—and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen them most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?” (Source: Former Slave Sojourner Truth Links Women's Rights to Antislavery (1851)) For black men and women, slavery was an equally devastating experience. Both were torn from homeland and family. Both were forced to perform grueling labor, subjected to mental and physical degradation, and denied their most basic rights. The enslaved men and women were mercilessly beaten, arbitrarily separated from their loved ones, and treated as property before the law, regardless of gender.

 

Anthony Burns, a 19-year-old fugitive Virginia slave, fled slavery in Richmond at the age of nineteen, sailing to Boston. Burns was the first runaway slave to be captured in the city, the second after the Fugitive Slave Act was passed as part of the Compromise of 1850. Under its terms, state and local governments must actively cooperate in the capture and return of fugitives to their owners. Some states, including Massachusetts, already have liberties laws that attempt to circumvent the Fugitive Slave Act, but states do not have the power, under the Constitution, to replace federal law. Burns was a fugitive slave whose capture and trial in Boston, and transport back to Virginia, generated wide-scale public outrage in the North and, ultimately, increased opposition to slavery by Northerners. He was arrested under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and tried in a Boston court. The Fugitive Slave Act was widely despised and protested against in Boston, and Burns' case drew national attention, including massive protests, protests, assaults, and violence. Federal troops were employed in the city to ensure Burns was transported without interference to a ship bound for Virginia following the test.

 “ Resolved, That we deem the laws of God at all times paramount to any human laws; and that, in obedience to the command, to “hide the outcast, and betray not him that wandereth,” we shall never refuse aid and shelter and succor to any brother or sister who has escaped from the prison-house of Southern bondage, but shall do all we can to prevent their being dragged back to a slavery inconceivably worse than death.” (Source: African Americans Respond to The Fugitive Slave Law (1850).pdf)

Many slaves who escaped upon their return faced severe punishments such as amputation, spanking, marking, obstruction and many other horrible acts. Those who helped runaway slaves were charged and punished under this law. So many freed or escaped slaves did their best to avoid this outcome.

 

 

Source: Matthew J. Clavin, _American Toussaints-Symbol, Subversion, and the Black Atlantic Tradition in the American Civil War, _ pp. 107-118)

Source: African Americans Respond to The Fugitive Slave Law (1850)

Source: Former Slave Sojourner Truth Links Women's Rights to Antislavery (1851)

 

Thursday, October 15, 2020

Module 15 Assignment

 


Some useful applications that I found interesting to use in future work as a digital historian is the website builder Squarespace. It provides software to build websites, and allow users to use pre-built websites templates and drag-and-drop elements that allow anyone to make a website for a business, personal, or blog without any programming experience to create and modify websites. This website could be used to create a blog for a class or for class projects. 



 


Thursday, October 8, 2020

Module 13 assignment


Crowdsourcing is the practice of getting information or input into a task by using the services of a large number of people, typically on social media sites and the internet. People involved in crowdsourcing either work as paid freelancers or on a voluntary basis.

 

One of the most accomplished crowd-influence start-ups is Waze. It’s an app that permits users to report traffic jams and automatically gives directions for the best route to take. 

 

 Waze crowdsources information by measuring drivers' speed to determine traffic jams and by asking users to report road closures.

 

It’s a great app that proves a dedicated crowd is sometimes all a company needs

 



Thursday, October 1, 2020

Module 11 Assignment

The two online data sets I would suggest is the Virginia Elections Database which shows how many people voted in Virginia in a particular election whether state or local. The second set I would suggest Estimated Population of American Colonies 1610 to 1780. Which shows the early colonies population through the year. Both these data set can be used in a data visualization project.




This data visualization 
shows the trajectories of the 1,000 plus orbiting earth now. Each satellite is depicted by a circular iconcolor-coded by country, and sized according to launch mass


To interact with the data set: https://qz.com/296941/interactive-graphic-every-active-satellite-orbiting-earth/


Thursday, September 17, 2020

Module 7 Assignment

Reality vs. Non-Reality Digital World Edition


My thoughts on the digital world is that line between reality and non-reality (fantasy) is increasingly disappearing. With the development of Virtual RealityArtificial Intelligence3D PrintingAugmented Reality, Nanorobots, and many more digital technology advancements, we are losing a sense of what is reality or fantasy. For example, deep fakes, are synthetic media in which a person in an existing image or video is replaced with someone else's likeness. My exposure to deep fake is a video Buzzfeed did on Barack Obama explaining deep fakes and saying uncharacteristically things. With the increase of deep fakes and easy to access apps to create them, anyone can cause a revolution, war, security threats, or ruin reputations, etc. 

   


The National Museum of Finland opened a new VR exhibit in 2018. Visitors can travel back in time and feel as if they are inside the painting. They can even speak with the characters depicted in the painting. 

Thursday, September 10, 2020

Module 5 Assignment



 My local library is the Potomac Community Library. One of the many useful databases this library has to offer is an ACADEMIC OneFile SELECT.  Which holds several thousand of scholarly and professional journals and periodicals available in full text. Which can help with research assignments and essays.

A nova database I found to be useful and educational is the  African American Biographical Database (AABD) which includes profiles and full-text sketches providing both biographical detail and illuminating narratives chronicling the lives of Black Americans. Something I'm interested in learning. 

The library of Virginia databases I found to be useful is ReferenceUSA. Which is a U.S. business and residential directory, That allows users to generate lists of businesses by location and other variables such as business type, sales volume, number of employees, and year established. Which I'm sure I will use as I progress in my educational career since I'm an accounting major.

I find the advancement of digital history fascinating because, before technology, you would search through books on shelves at your local or school library to find information about something. You would flip through encyclopedias, thesaurus, research textbooks, etc. hoping it contains information you needed. Now we live a more advanced technological society that most information you need is on the internet.




    

Sunday, September 6, 2020

Module 4 Assignment

 In this week's reading, it provides insight on what draws an audience and what format style can make or break a reader's attention. To keep readers' attention it is recommended to provide the readers with an organized and clear format by placing importance on key points. 

In Rosenweig's reading, we are provided with some general principle of design such as:

- Text

- Images, Color, and Multimedia

- Site Structure, and Good URLs 

- Accessibility 


Some things I Found Interesting in this week's chapter:

- "In 1998, President Clinton signed into law the Workforce Investment Act, which included the Rehabilitation Act Amendments, which in turn contained an important section, 508, relating to information technology like the web. Section 508 required that beginning in 2001, federal agencies had to make sure that individuals with disabilities could access their electronic documents and information."

Like text, visual information should be an effective means of communicating ideas from historians to their audiences, as well as allowing those audiences to draw their own conclusions, just as they do reading interpretive prose. But sometimes graphics that break up the text of history books and essays, such as bar graphs and pie charts, create unnecessary distractions rather than provide substantive information. Instead of helpful graphical additions, publishers and authors often treat readers to what Tufte derisively labels “chartjunk.”


After reading the chapter I was inspired to change up my own blog to make it engaging and esthetically appealing to the eye. As I post more this semester I plan to change up my blog to keep the reader engaged and informed. 


HIST/AFST 2275 Extra Credit Assignment

Naa Yarley Tackie-Yarboi Professor Lucien Holness African-American History 1 Historical Analysis Extra Credit Paper December 6, 2021   Touss...